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¿Discusiones de pareja o violencia? - Comuna Mujer
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Home / Sexualidad / ¿Discusiones de pareja o violencia?

¿Discusiones de pareja o violencia?

¿Discusiones de pareja o violencia?

Las discusiones en pareja son necesarias ante los desacuerdos lógicos entre dos personas, con el fin de negociar soluciones ante los problemas o expresar opiniones, aún con distintos puntos de vista.

El problema es que hay parejas que no saben discutir, no se escuchan, no se centran en las soluciones, sino en buscar culpables y defender sus respectivas posturas, a veces de forma agresiva…enfadados, gritando, con ironía.

Así cualquier tema en el que haya desacuerdo, por mínimo que sea, es susceptible de provocar discusiones destructivas, donde lo importante es ganarle al otro. En general, la familia política y la educación de los hijos, son temas de discusión recurrentes en las parejas que acuden a terapia para mejorar su relación.

A veces, tras muchas discusiones, sufrimiento y peleas, la pareja deja de sentirse atraída, respetada y querida, haciéndose cada vez mayor la insatisfacción y el deterioro de la misma. Esta incapacidad de resolver conflictos o respetar y aceptar distintos puntos de vista o necesidades, son factores que influyen en la infidelidad y la separación.  

Muchas veces cuesta pedir perdón cuando la persona comete un error y tiende a culpar al otro de su conducta. El enfado tras la discusión y el orgullo, no facilitan ese paso. Si no hay perdón, la crisis no se supera.

El límite entre lo que es una discusión y una muestra de violencia, está dado por el no respeto hacia el otro: cuando se comienzan con los agravios verbales, los insultos, las amenazas. También en el tono de voz, si gritamos en vez de hablar... 

Muchas veces recurren a conductas vengativas: si uno hizo algo, el otro lo hace peor y así, sucesivamente.

En estos casos, es donde las parejas parecen estar en una competencia donde les es difícil parar y a medida que va pasando el tiempo, entre gritos y ofensas, la cosa se va poniendo peor.  Es como una escalera en la que ambos, hombre y mujer, van subiendo peldaños en el conflicto de manera consecutiva.

No todas las parejas discuten de esta forma, pero algunas sufren de esta dificultad. En este caso, es una tendencia donde ambas partes parecen estar compitiendo, donde no se sabe cuándo parar y usualmente, las disputas terminan cuando la violencia física o verbal ha llegado a un tope. Sea como sea, estas discusiones tienen una alta presencia de violencia y maltrato psicológico.

Pero… ¿cómo parar?

Lo primero es ser conscientes del problema. Si ambos se dan cuenta que se les dificulta parar las peleas, deben buscar alternativas para afrontar el conflicto de manera sana.

Muchas de las parejas que no pueden parar las peleas, tienen un estrés, se les dificulta calmarse y actuar coherentemente: la ira ciega la razón. Lo curioso es que cuanto más una pareja se grita, es cuando menos se están escuchando. Una persona alza la voz, cuando otra no lo escucha; pero si ambas personas gritan, lo único que logran es disgustarse más, pero no solucionar el problema.

Por eso, estos pasos pueden ser beneficiosos para ayudar a resolver un conflicto, cuando se dan esta elevada cantidad de discusiones de pareja. 

a) Preguntarse si efectivamente vale la pena discutir el punto. Muchas veces son cuestiones menores, por las que no vale realmente la pena enfrentarse. La respuesta a esta pregunta, puede facilitarse evaluando los pro y contra de discutir o dejar de hacerlo.

b) Preguntarse cuál es el objetivo de la discusión, si es ofender al otro o desahogarse: lo mejor es no discutir.

c) Buscar el mejor momento para iniciar la discusión. Si se está ansioso, enfadado o cansado, lo mejor es posponer la discusión.

d) Respetar al otro si no quiere discutir.

e) Definir el tema de la discusión lo más claramente posible. 

f) No salirse del tema... si alguno lo hace, el otro se lo señala. Si no, se pierde el objetivo de resolver un problema concreto y se sacan otros temas a colación.

g) Comprometerse de antemano a ser sinceros y admitir errores reales. 

h) Aceptar que no es obligatorio llegar a una conclusión la primera vez que se discute el punto.

i) No usar adjetivos calificativos, sino descripciones de conducta. Por ejemplo: en lugar de decir “eres un egoísta”, debe especificarse la conducta y decir:“no me ayudaste con el cuidado de los niños esta semana”.


Resolución de problemas: 

1) Una vez definido el problema, generar alternativas posibles que puedan ser una solución satisfactoria.

2) Hacer una lista de ventajas o desventajas de cada una de las opciones y evaluar los inconvenientes, en función de su importancia.

3) Seleccionar las mejores soluciones.

4) Ponerlas en práctica.


La idea es que la pareja pueda llegar a un acuerdo que contemple ambas partes. Generalmente no es siempre un 50% de cada lado, pero lo importante es que, aunque en distinta medida, ambos estén contemplados en el acuerdo

Llegar a lo que se llama "un compromiso viable", para que las parejas aprendan a negociar sus diferencias y no caigan en la violencia; o sea, apostar a la conducta asertiva. Para lograr esto, es básico mejorar la comunicación y la forma en que negocian.


Ps. Silvia Cardozo
Terapeuta Cognitivo Conductual
Mail: ensil@adinet.com .uy

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